Memorisation

Constellations

All 88 of them, drawn with the official IAU stick figures and real Hipparcos star positions, so the shape you learn here is the shape in the sky.

Where they sit in the sky

Tap a name to open that constellation.
+60°+30°-30°0h2h4h6h8h10h12h14h16h18h20h22hPolarisUrsa MajorUrsa MinorCassiopeiaCepheusDracoCygnusLyraAquilaOrionCanis MajorCanis MinorTaurusGeminiAurigaLeoVirgoBoötesCorona BorealisScorpiusSagittariusPerseusAndromedaPegasusAquariusAriesCamelopardalisCancerCanes VenaticiCapricornusCetusComa BerenicesCorvusCraterDelphinusEquuleusEridanusFornaxHerculesHydraLacertaLeo MinorLepusLibraLynxMonocerosOphiuchusPiscesSagittaScutumSerpensSextansTriangulumVulpecula

Dashed rings are lines of declination, spokes are hours of right ascension. The map is drawn from the celestial pole outward, the way a planisphere shows the sky.

Real sky charts

A single figure never tells you where a constellation actually sits. Use these whole-sky charts to place each pattern among its neighbours, then open any card below for its official IAU chart with boundaries and surrounding constellations.

Northern sky, whole hemisphere

Everything visible from mid-northern latitudes across the year, drawn from Polaris outward. Find Ursa Major near the centre, then work out to Boötes, Leo and Cygnus.

Navigational chart of the northern skies, 1916. Wikimedia Commons

Southern sky, whole hemisphere

The half of the sky Mongolia never sees. Crux and Centaurus sit deep in here, which is why they only show on the southern setting of the map above.

Constellations of the Southern Hemisphere, 1760. Wikimedia Commons

Classical northern chart, 1515

Dürer's woodcut, the first printed star chart in Europe. Useful for seeing how the mythological figures map onto the stick figures you are memorising.

Albrecht Dürer, Celestial Map of the Northern Sky, 1515. Wikimedia Commons

The Messier catalogue

Charles Messier catalogued these in the 1770s so comet hunters would stop mistaking them for comets. All 110 are here, each listed with the constellation you point at to find it.

M1 Crab Nebula

Supernova remnant · in Taurus

m8.4

The wreck of the supernova Chinese astronomers recorded in 1054 AD. A pulsar spinning 30 times a second sits at its heart.

6,500 light years

M2 Messier 2

Globular cluster · in Aquarius

m6.25

A dense ball of 150,000 stars in Aquarius, one of the oldest globulars known at about 13 billion years.

M3 Messier 3

Globular cluster · in Canes Venatici

m6.39

Half a million stars packed into a sphere; it holds more variable stars than any other globular cluster.

M4 Messier 4

Globular cluster · in Scorpius

m5.4

The closest globular cluster to us, easy to find right beside Antares, and full of ancient white dwarfs.

M5 Messier 5

Globular cluster · in Serpens

m5.95

Often called the finest globular in the northern sky, slightly older and richer than M13.

M6 Butterfly Cluster

Open cluster · in Scorpius

m4.2

The Butterfly Cluster, a spray of hot blue stars in Scorpius with one orange giant for contrast.

M7 Ptolemy's Cluster

Open cluster · in Scorpius

m3.3

Ptolemy's Cluster, bright enough that it was recorded by name in 130 AD.

M8 Lagoon Nebula

Nebula · in Sagittarius

m5.8

A huge star nursery split by a dark lane, visible to the naked eye from a dark site above the Teapot's spout.

4,100 light years

M9 Messier 9

Globular cluster · in Ophiuchus

m8.42

A globular cluster in Ophiuchus, about 7 arcminutes across.

M10 Messier 10

Globular cluster · in Ophiuchus

m4.98

A globular cluster in Ophiuchus, about 9 arcminutes across.

M11 Amas de l'Ecu de Sobieski

Open cluster · in Scutum

m5.8

The Wild Duck Cluster, a tight V of hundreds of stars in the Scutum star cloud.

M12 Messier 12

Globular cluster · in Ophiuchus

m6.07

A loose globular in Ophiuchus that has been stripped of a million stars by passes through the galactic disc.

M13 Great Hercules Cluster

Globular cluster · in Hercules

m5.8

Several hundred thousand ancient stars packed into a ball. The 1974 Arecibo message was aimed at it.

22,200 light years

M14 Messier 14

Globular cluster · in Ophiuchus

m5.73

A globular cluster in Ophiuchus, about 10 arcminutes across.

M15 Messier 15

Globular cluster · in Pegasus

m6.3

One of the densest globulars known; its core may hide an intermediate-mass black hole.

M16 Eagle Nebula

Nebula · in Serpens

m6

Home of the Pillars of Creation, the towers of gas made famous by Hubble in 1995.

7,000 light years

M17 Checkmark Nebula

Nebula · in Sagittarius

m7

The Omega or Swan Nebula, a bright bar of glowing hydrogen with a hidden cluster inside.

M18 Messier 18

Open cluster · in Sagittarius

m6.9

An open cluster in Sagittarius, about 6 arcminutes across.

M19 Messier 19

Globular cluster · in Ophiuchus

m5.57

A globular cluster in Ophiuchus, about 8 arcminutes across.

M20 Trifid Nebula

Nebula · in Sagittarius

m8.5

A red glowing cloud cut into three by dust lanes, wrapped in a blue reflection nebula.

5,200 light years

M21 Messier 21

Open cluster · in Sagittarius

m5.9

An open cluster in Sagittarius, about 6 arcminutes across.

M22 Messier 22

Globular cluster · in Sagittarius

m6.17

A huge, close globular in Sagittarius, brighter than M13 for anyone far enough south.

M23 Messier 23

Open cluster · in Sagittarius

m5.5

An open cluster in Sagittarius, about 17 arcminutes across.

M24 Small Sgr Star Cloud

Star cloud · in Sagittarius

m4.5

Not a cluster but a window through the dust to a distant arm of the Milky Way.

Brightest
Alioth (ε UMa)
Magnitude
1.76
Best seen
April
Sky
northern
Brightest
Polaris (α UMi)
Magnitude
1.98
Best seen
June
Sky
northern
Brightest
Schedar (α Cas)
Magnitude
2.24
Best seen
November
Sky
northern
Brightest
Alderamin (α Cep)
Magnitude
2.45
Best seen
October
Sky
northern
Brightest
Eltanin (γ Dra)
Magnitude
2.24
Best seen
July
Sky
northern
Brightest
Deneb (α Cyg)
Magnitude
1.25
Best seen
September
Sky
northern
Brightest
Vega (α Lyr)
Magnitude
0.03
Best seen
August
Sky
northern
Brightest
Altair (α Aql)
Magnitude
0.76
Best seen
August
Sky
equatorial
Brightest
Rigel (β Ori)
Magnitude
0.13
Best seen
January
Sky
equatorial
Brightest
Sirius (α CMa)
Magnitude
-1.46
Best seen
February
Sky
southern
Brightest
Procyon (α CMi)
Magnitude
0.34
Best seen
February
Sky
equatorial
Brightest
Aldebaran (α Tau)
Magnitude
0.86
Best seen
January
Sky
northern
Brightest
Pollux (β Gem)
Magnitude
1.14
Best seen
February
Sky
northern
Brightest
Capella (α Aur)
Magnitude
0.08
Best seen
January
Sky
northern
Brightest
Regulus (α Leo)
Magnitude
1.40
Best seen
April
Sky
northern
Brightest
Spica (α Vir)
Magnitude
0.98
Best seen
May
Sky
equatorial
Brightest
Arcturus (α Boo)
Magnitude
-0.05
Best seen
June
Sky
northern
Brightest
Alphecca (α CrB)
Magnitude
2.22
Best seen
July
Sky
northern
Brightest
Antares (α Sco)
Magnitude
1.06
Best seen
July
Sky
southern
Brightest
Kaus Australis (ε Sgr)
Magnitude
1.85
Best seen
August
Sky
southern
Brightest
Mirfak (α Per)
Magnitude
1.79
Best seen
December
Sky
northern
Brightest
Alpheratz (α And)
Magnitude
2.06
Best seen
November
Sky
northern
Brightest
Enif (ε Peg)
Magnitude
2.39
Best seen
October
Sky
northern
Brightest
Acrux (α Cru)
Magnitude
0.77
Best seen
May (southern skies)
Sky
southern
Brightest
Alpha Centauri
Magnitude
-0.27
Best seen
May (southern skies)
Sky
southern
Brightest
Alpha Antliae
Magnitude
4.25
Best seen
April
Sky
southern
Brightest
Alpha Apodis
Magnitude
3.83
Best seen
July (southern skies)
Sky
southern
Brightest
Sadalsuud (β Aqr)
Magnitude
2.90
Best seen
October
Sky
equatorial
Brightest
Beta Arae
Magnitude
2.84
Best seen
July (southern skies)
Sky
southern
Brightest
Hamal
Magnitude
2.00
Best seen
December
Sky
northern
Brightest
Alpha Caeli
Magnitude
4.44
Best seen
January
Sky
southern
Brightest
Beta Camelopardalis
Magnitude
4.03
Best seen
January
Sky
northern
Brightest
Tarf (β Cnc)
Magnitude
3.53
Best seen
March
Sky
northern
Brightest
Cor Caroli
Magnitude
2.89
Best seen
May
Sky
northern
Brightest
Deneb Algedi
Magnitude
2.85
Best seen
September
Sky
southern
Brightest
Canopus
Magnitude
-0.74
Best seen
March (southern skies)
Sky
southern
Brightest
Diphda (β Cet)
Magnitude
2.04
Best seen
November
Sky
equatorial
Brightest
Alpha Chamaeleontis
Magnitude
4.05
Best seen
April (southern skies)
Sky
southern
Brightest
Alpha Circini
Magnitude
3.18
Best seen
June (southern skies)
Sky
southern
Brightest
Phact
Magnitude
2.65
Best seen
January
Sky
southern
Brightest
Beta Comae Berenices
Magnitude
4.26
Best seen
May
Sky
northern
Brightest
Meridiana (α CrA)
Magnitude
4.10
Best seen
August
Sky
southern
Brightest
Gienah
Magnitude
2.58
Best seen
May
Sky
southern
Brightest
Delta Crateris
Magnitude
3.56
Best seen
April
Sky
southern
Brightest
Rotanev
Magnitude
3.63
Best seen
September
Sky
northern
Brightest
Alpha Doradus
Magnitude
3.27
Best seen
January (southern skies)
Sky
southern
Brightest
Kitalpha
Magnitude
3.92
Best seen
September
Sky
equatorial
Brightest
Achernar
Magnitude
0.45
Best seen
December
Sky
southern
Brightest
Dalim
Magnitude
3.80
Best seen
December
Sky
southern
Brightest
Alnair
Magnitude
1.73
Best seen
October
Sky
southern
Brightest
Kornephoros
Magnitude
2.78
Best seen
July
Sky
northern
Brightest
Alpha Horologii
Magnitude
3.85
Best seen
December (southern skies)
Sky
southern
Brightest
Alphard
Magnitude
1.99
Best seen
April
Sky
equatorial
Brightest
Beta Hydri
Magnitude
2.80
Best seen
November (southern skies)
Sky
southern
Brightest
Alpha Indi
Magnitude
3.11
Best seen
September (southern skies)
Sky
southern
Brightest
Alpha Lacertae
Magnitude
3.76
Best seen
October
Sky
northern
Brightest
Praecipua
Magnitude
3.79
Best seen
April
Sky
northern
Brightest
Arneb
Magnitude
2.58
Best seen
January
Sky
southern
Brightest
Zubeneschamali
Magnitude
2.61
Best seen
June
Sky
southern
Brightest
Alpha Lupi
Magnitude
2.30
Best seen
June (southern skies)
Sky
southern
Brightest
Alpha Lyncis
Magnitude
3.14
Best seen
March
Sky
northern
Brightest
Alpha Mensae
Magnitude
5.09
Best seen
January (southern skies)
Sky
southern
Brightest
Gamma Microscopii
Magnitude
4.67
Best seen
September
Sky
southern
Brightest
Beta Monocerotis
Magnitude
3.76
Best seen
February
Sky
equatorial
Brightest
Alpha Muscae
Magnitude
2.69
Best seen
May (southern skies)
Sky
southern
Brightest
Gamma-2 Normae
Magnitude
4.01
Best seen
July (southern skies)
Sky
southern
Brightest
Nu Octantis
Magnitude
3.73
Best seen
October (southern skies)
Sky
southern
Brightest
Rasalhague
Magnitude
2.08
Best seen
July
Sky
equatorial
Brightest
Peacock (α Pav)
Magnitude
1.94
Best seen
August (southern skies)
Sky
southern
Brightest
Ankaa
Magnitude
2.40
Best seen
November
Sky
southern
Brightest
Alpha Pictoris
Magnitude
3.24
Best seen
January (southern skies)
Sky
southern
Brightest
Alpherg (η Psc)
Magnitude
3.62
Best seen
November
Sky
equatorial
Brightest
Fomalhaut
Magnitude
1.16
Best seen
October
Sky
southern
Brightest
Naos
Magnitude
2.21
Best seen
February
Sky
southern
Brightest
Alpha Pyxidis
Magnitude
3.68
Best seen
March
Sky
southern
Brightest
Alpha Reticuli
Magnitude
3.33
Best seen
December (southern skies)
Sky
southern
Brightest
Gamma Sagittae
Magnitude
3.47
Best seen
August
Sky
northern
Brightest
Alpha Sculptoris
Magnitude
4.30
Best seen
November
Sky
southern
Brightest
Alpha Scuti
Magnitude
3.85
Best seen
August
Sky
southern
Brightest
Unukalhai (α Ser)
Magnitude
2.63
Best seen
July
Sky
equatorial
Brightest
Alpha Sextantis
Magnitude
4.48
Best seen
April
Sky
equatorial
Brightest
Alpha Telescopii
Magnitude
3.49
Best seen
August (southern skies)
Sky
southern
Brightest
Beta Trianguli
Magnitude
3.00
Best seen
December
Sky
northern
Brightest
Atria
Magnitude
1.91
Best seen
July (southern skies)
Sky
southern
Brightest
Alpha Tucanae
Magnitude
2.87
Best seen
October (southern skies)
Sky
southern
Brightest
Regor (γ Vel)
Magnitude
1.75
Best seen
March (southern skies)
Sky
southern
Brightest
Beta Volantis
Magnitude
3.77
Best seen
February (southern skies)
Sky
southern
Brightest
Anser
Magnitude
4.44
Best seen
September
Sky
northern