AdvancedIOAA style, adapted
Tolman surface brightness dimming
A galaxy at is compared with an identical galaxy nearby. By how many magnitudes per square arcsecond is its bolometric surface brightness fainter in an expanding universe? What would a static, tired light universe predict?
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Reading resources
Material that covers the physics behind this problem.
- An Introduction to Modern AstrophysicsCarroll & Ostlie
The standard reference for olympiad-level astrophysics. Chapters 1-3 cover the celestial sphere, orbits and the magnitude system.
Textbook - Ohio State Astronomy Lecture NotesOhio State University
Clear university-level notes on stars, galaxies and cosmology with derivations you can follow line by line.
Lecture notes - Cosmology CalculatorEdward L. Wright (UCLA)
Converts redshift into distances, lookback time and scale factors. Use it to sanity-check cosmology answers.
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